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 103 </div>
 104 <h1 id="server-configuration">Server configuration</h1>
 105 <p><em>Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers</em></p>
 106 <ul>
 107 <li><a href="#apache">Apache</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 108 <li><a href="#nginx">Nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 109 </ul>
 110 <h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
 111 <h3 id="shaarli">Shaarli</h3>
 112 <ul>
 113 <li>Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user</li>
 114 <li>the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server <em>user and/or group</em></li>
 115 <li>for HTTPS / SSL:</li>
 116 <li>a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated</li>
 117 <li>the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active</li>
 118 </ul>
 119 <h3 id="https-tls-and-self-signed-certificates">HTTPS, TLS and self-signed certificates</h3>
 120 <p>Related guides:</p>
 121 <ul>
 122 <li><a href="http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php">How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 123 <li><a href="https://workaround.org/certificate-authority">How do I create my own Certificate Authority?</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 124 <li>Generate a self-signed certificate (will trigger browser warnings) with apache2: <code>make-ssl-cert generate-default-snakeoil --force-overwrite</code> will create <code>/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem</code> and <code>/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key</code></li>
 125 </ul>
 126 <h3 id="proxies">Proxies</h3>
 127 <p>If Shaarli is served behind a proxy (i.e. there is a proxy server between clients and the web server hosting Shaarli), please refer to the proxy server documentation for proper configuration. In particular, you have to ensure that the following server variables are properly set:</p>
 128 <ul>
 129 <li><code>X-Forwarded-Proto</code>;</li>
 130 <li><code>X-Forwarded-Host</code>;</li>
 131 <li><code>X-Forwarded-For</code>.</li>
 132 </ul>
 133 <p>See also <a href="https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;q=label%3Aproxy+">proxy-related</a> issues.<a href=".html"></a></p>
 134 <h2 id="apache">Apache</h2>
 135 <h3 id="minimal">Minimal</h3>
 136 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="at"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 137     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 138     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 139 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
 140 <h3 id="debug---log-all-the-things">Debug - Log all the things!</h3>
 141 <p>This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.</p>
 142 <p>See:</p>
 143 <ul>
 144 <li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/176">Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost</a> (StackOverflow)<a href=".html"></a></li>
 145 <li><a href="https://ma.ttias.be/php-php_value-vs-php_admin_value-and-the-use-of-php_flag-explained/">PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 146 </ul>
 147 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="at"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 148     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 149     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 150
 151     <span class="ex">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 152     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 153     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 154
 155     php_flag  log_errors on
 156     php_flag  display_errors on
 157     php_value error_reporting 2147483647
 158     php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
 159 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
 160 <h3 id="standard---keep-access-and-error-logs">Standard - Keep access and error logs</h3>
 161 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="at"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 162     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 163     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 164
 165     <span class="ex">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 166     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 167     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 168 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
 169 <h3 id="paranoid---redirect-http-80-to-https-443">Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)</h3>
 170 <p>See <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache">Server-side TLS</a> (Mozilla).<a href=".html"></a></p>
 171 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="at"> *:443</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 172     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 173     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 174
 175     <span class="ex">SSLEngine</span><span class="ch">             </span><span class="kw">on</span>
 176     SSLCertificateFile<span class="st">    /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.pem</span>
 177     SSLCertificateKeyFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key</span>
 178
 179     <span class="fu">&lt;Directory</span><span class="at"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 180         <span class="ex">AllowOverride</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">All</span>
 181         <span class="ex">Options</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">Indexes</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">FollowSymLinks</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">MultiViews</span>
 182         <span class="ex">Order</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">allow,deny</span>
 183         allow<span class="st"> from all</span>
 184     <span class="fu">&lt;/Directory&gt;</span>
 185
 186     <span class="ex">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 187     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 188     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 189 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span>
 190 <span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="at"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 191     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 192     Redirect<span class="st"> 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 193
 194     <span class="ex">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 195     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 196     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 197 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre></div>
 198 <h3 id="htaccess">.htaccess</h3>
 199 <p>Shaarli use <code>.htaccess</code> Apache files to deny access to files that shouldn't be directly accessed (datastore, config, etc.). You need the directive <code>AllowOverride All</code> in your virtual host configuration for them to work.</p>
 200 <p><strong>Warning</strong>: If you use Apache 2.2 or lower, you need <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a> to be installed and enabled.<a href=".html"></a></p>
 201 <p>Apache module <code>mod_rewrite</code> <strong>must</strong> be enabled to use the REST API. URL rewriting rules for the Slim microframework are stated in the root <code>.htaccess</code> file.</p>
 202 <h2 id="lighthttpd">LightHttpd</h2>
 203 <h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
 204 <h3 id="foreword">Foreword</h3>
 205 <p>Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI">FastCGI</a> service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.<a href=".html"></a></p>
 206 <p>Required packages:</p>
 207 <ul>
 208 <li><a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 209 <li><a href="http://php-fpm.org">php-fpm</a> - PHP FastCGI Process Manager<a href=".html"></a></li>
 210 </ul>
 211 <p>Official documentation:</p>
 212 <ul>
 213 <li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html">Beginner's guide</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 214 <li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html">ngx_http_fastcgi_module</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 215 <li><a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">Pitfalls</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 216 </ul>
 217 <p>Community resources:</p>
 218 <ul>
 219 <li><a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx">Server-side TLS (Nginx)</a> (Mozilla)<a href=".html"></a></li>
 220 <li><a href="http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/">PHP configuration examples</a> (Karl Blessing)<a href=".html"></a></li>
 221 </ul>
 222 <h3 id="common-setup">Common setup</h3>
 223 <p>Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:</p>
 224 <ul>
 225 <li>Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the <em>same user and group</em></li>
 226 <li>both these user and group have
 227 <ul>
 228 <li><code>read</code> permissions for Shaarli resources</li>
 229 <li><code>execute</code> permissions for Shaarli directories <em>AND</em> their parent directories</li>
 230 </ul></li>
 231 </ul>
 232 <p>On a production server:</p>
 233 <ul>
 234 <li><code>user:group</code> will likely be <code>http:http</code>, <code>www:www</code> or <code>www-data:www-data</code></li>
 235 <li>files will be located under <code>/var/www</code>, <code>/var/http</code> or <code>/usr/share/nginx</code></li>
 236 </ul>
 237 <p>On a development server:</p>
 238 <ul>
 239 <li>files may be located in a user's home directory</li>
 240 <li>in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!</li>
 241 </ul>
 242 <p>For all following configuration examples, this user/group pair will be used:</p>
 243 <ul>
 244 <li><code>user:group = john:users</code>,</li>
 245 </ul>
 246 <p>which corresponds to the following service configuration:</p>
 247 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode ini"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span class="co">; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf</span>
 248 <span class="dt">user </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
 249 <span class="dt">group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span>
 250
 251 <span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
 252 <span class="dt">listen.owner </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
 253 <span class="dt">listen.group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span></code></pre></div>
 254 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 255 user john users;
 256
 257 http {
 258     [...][](.html)
 259 }</code></pre>
 260 <h3 id="optional-increase-the-maximum-file-upload-size">(Optional) Increase the maximum file upload size</h3>
 261 <p>Some bookmark dumps generated by web browsers can be <em>huge</em> due to the presence of Base64-encoded images and favicons, as well as extra verbosity when nesting links in (sub-)folders.</p>
 262 <p>To increase upload size, you will need to modify both nginx and PHP configuration:</p>
 263 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 264
 265 http {
 266     [...][](.html)
 267
 268     client_max_body_size 10m;
 269
 270     [...][](.html)
 271 }</code></pre>
 272 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode ini"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span class="co"># /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini</span>
 273
 274 <span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
 275 <span class="dt">post_max_size </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> 10M</span>
 276 <span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
 277 <span class="dt">upload_max_filesize </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> 10M</span></code></pre></div>
 278 <h3 id="minimal-1">Minimal</h3>
 279 <p><em>WARNING: Use for development only!</em></p>
 280 <pre class="nginx"><code>user john users;
 281 worker_processes  1;
 282 events {
 283     worker_connections  1024;
 284 }
 285
 286 http {
 287     include            mime.types;
 288     default_type       application/octet-stream;
 289     keepalive_timeout  20;
 290
 291     index index.html index.php;
 292
 293     server {
 294         listen       80;
 295         server_name  localhost;
 296         root         /home/john/web;
 297
 298         access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
 299         error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 300
 301         location /shaarli/ {
 302             try_files $uri /shaarli/index.php$is_args$args;
 303             access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
 304             error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
 305         }
 306
 307         location ~ (index)\.php$ {
 308             try_files $uri =404;
 309             fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
 310             fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
 311             fastcgi_index  index.php;
 312             include        fastcgi.conf;
 313         }
 314     }
 315 }</code></pre>
 316 <h3 id="modular">Modular</h3>
 317 <p>The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:</p>
 318 <ul>
 319 <li>every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
 320 <ul>
 321 <li>dotfiles - in our case, <code>.htaccess</code></li>
 322 <li>temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: <code>index.php~</code></li>
 323 </ul></li>
 324 <li>asset / static resource caching is not optimized</li>
 325 <li>if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: <code>location /shaarli/</code>, <code>location /mysite/</code>, etc.</li>
 326 </ul>
 327 <p>To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:</p>
 328 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/deny.conf
 329 location ~ /\. {
 330     # deny access to dotfiles
 331     access_log off;
 332     log_not_found off;
 333     deny all;
 334 }
 335
 336 location ~ ~$ {
 337     # deny access to temp editor files, e.g. &quot;script.php~&quot;
 338     access_log off;
 339     log_not_found off;
 340     deny all;
 341 }</code></pre>
 342 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/php.conf
 343 location ~ (index)\.php$ {
 344     # Slim - split URL path into (script_filename, path_info)
 345     try_files $uri =404;
 346     fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
 347
 348     # filter and proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
 349     fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
 350     fastcgi_index  index.php;
 351     include        fastcgi.conf;
 352 }
 353
 354 location ~ \.php$ {
 355     # deny access to all other PHP scripts
 356     deny all;
 357 }</code></pre>
 358 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
 359 location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
 360     expires    max;
 361     add_header Pragma public;
 362     add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate&quot;;
 363 }</code></pre>
 364 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 365 [...][](.html)
 366
 367 http {
 368     [...][](.html)
 369
 370     root        /home/john/web;
 371     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
 372     error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 373
 374     server {
 375         # virtual host for a first domain
 376         listen       80;
 377         server_name  my.first.domain.org;
 378
 379         location /shaarli/ {
 380             # Slim - rewrite URLs
 381             try_files $uri /shaarli/index.php$is_args$args;
 382
 383             access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
 384             error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
 385         }
 386
 387         location = /shaarli/favicon.ico {
 388             # serve the Shaarli favicon from its custom location
 389             alias /var/www/shaarli/images/favicon.ico;
 390         }
 391
 392         include deny.conf;
 393         include static_assets.conf;
 394         include php.conf;
 395     }
 396
 397     server {
 398         # virtual host for a second domain
 399         listen       80;
 400         server_name  second.domain.com;
 401
 402         location /minigal/ {
 403             access_log  /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
 404             error_log   /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
 405         }
 406
 407         include deny.conf;
 408         include static_assets.conf;
 409         include php.conf;
 410     }
 411 }</code></pre>
 412 <h3 id="redirect-http-to-https">Redirect HTTP to HTTPS</h3>
 413 <p>Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under <code>/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}</code>, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.</p>
 414 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 415 [...][](.html)
 416
 417 http {
 418     [...][](.html)
 419
 420     index index.html index.php;
 421
 422     root        /home/john/web;
 423     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
 424     error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 425
 426     server {
 427         listen       80;
 428         server_name  localhost;
 429
 430         return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
 431     }
 432
 433     server {
 434         listen       443 ssl;
 435         server_name  localhost;
 436
 437         ssl_certificate      /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
 438         ssl_certificate_key  /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
 439
 440         location /shaarli/ {
 441             # Slim - rewrite URLs
 442             try_files $uri /index.php$is_args$args;
 443
 444             access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
 445             error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
 446         }
 447
 448         location = /shaarli/favicon.ico {
 449             # serve the Shaarli favicon from its custom location
 450             alias /var/www/shaarli/images/favicon.ico;
 451         }
 452
 453         include deny.conf;
 454         include static_assets.conf;
 455         include php.conf;
 456     }
 457 }</code></pre>
 458 </body>
 459 </html>