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94 <li><a class="toctree-l4" href="#minimal">Minimal</a></li>
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344
345 <p><em>Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers</em></p>
346<ul>
347<li><a href="#apache">Apache</a></li>
348<li><a href="#nginx">Nginx</a></li>
349</ul>
350<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
351<h3 id="shaarli">Shaarli</h3>
352<ul>
353<li>Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user</li>
354<li>the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server <em>user and/or group</em></li>
355<li>for HTTPS / SSL:</li>
356<li>a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated</li>
357<li>the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active</li>
358</ul>
359<h3 id="https-tls-and-self-signed-certificates">HTTPS, TLS and self-signed certificates</h3>
360<p>Related guides:
361<em> <a href="http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php">How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL</a>
362</em> <a href="https://workaround.org/certificate-authority">How do I create my own Certificate Authority?</a>
363* Generate a self-signed certificate (will trigger browser warnings) with apache2: <code>make-ssl-cert generate-default-snakeoil --force-overwrite</code> will create <code>/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem</code> and <code>/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key</code></p>
364<h3 id="proxies">Proxies</h3>
365<p>If Shaarli is served behind a proxy (i.e. there is a proxy server between clients and the web server hosting Shaarli), please refer to the proxy server documentation for proper configuration. In particular, you have to ensure that the following server variables are properly set:
366- <code>X-Forwarded-Proto</code>;
367- <code>X-Forwarded-Host</code>;
368- <code>X-Forwarded-For</code>.</p>
369<p>See also <a href="https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;q=label%3Aproxy+">proxy-related</a> issues.</p>
370<h2 id="apache">Apache</h2>
371<h3 id="minimal">Minimal</h3>
372<pre><code class="apache">&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
373 ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
374 DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
375&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
376</code></pre>
377
378<h3 id="debug-log-all-the-things">Debug - Log all the things!</h3>
379<p>This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.</p>
380<p>See:
381<em> <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/176">Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost</a> (StackOverflow)
382</em> <a href="https://ma.ttias.be/php-php_value-vs-php_admin_value-and-the-use-of-php_flag-explained/">PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained</a></p>
383<pre><code class="apache">&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
384 ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
385 DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
386
387 LogLevel warn
388 ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
389 CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
390
391 php_flag log_errors on
392 php_flag display_errors on
393 php_value error_reporting 2147483647
394 php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
395&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
396</code></pre>
397
398<h3 id="standard-keep-access-and-error-logs">Standard - Keep access and error logs</h3>
399<pre><code class="apache">&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
400 ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
401 DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
402
403 LogLevel warn
404 ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
405 CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
406&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
407</code></pre>
408
409<h3 id="paranoid-redirect-http-80-to-https-443">Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)</h3>
410<p>See <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache">Server-side TLS</a> (Mozilla).</p>
411<pre><code class="apache">&lt;VirtualHost *:443&gt;
412 ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
413 DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
414
415 SSLEngine on
416 SSLCertificateFile /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.pem
417 SSLCertificateKeyFile /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key
418
419 &lt;Directory /absolute/path/to/shaarli/&gt;
420 AllowOverride All
421 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
422 Order allow,deny
423 allow from all
424 &lt;/Directory&gt;
425
426 LogLevel warn
427 ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
428 CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
429&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
430&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
431 ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
432 Redirect 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org
433
434 LogLevel warn
435 ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
436 CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
437&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
438</code></pre>
439
440<h3 id="htaccess">.htaccess</h3>
441<p>Shaarli use <code>.htaccess</code> Apache files to deny access to files that shouldn't be directly accessed (datastore, config, etc.). You need the directive <code>AllowOverride All</code> in your virtual host configuration for them to work.</p>
442<p><strong>Warning</strong>: If you use Apache 2.2 or lower, you need <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a> to be installed and enabled.</p>
443<p>Apache module <code>mod_rewrite</code> <strong>must</strong> be enabled to use the REST API. URL rewriting rules for the Slim microframework are stated in the root <code>.htaccess</code> file.</p>
444<h2 id="lighthttpd">LightHttpd</h2>
445<h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
446<h3 id="foreword">Foreword</h3>
447<p>Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI">FastCGI</a> service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.</p>
448<p>Required packages:
449- <a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a>
450- <a href="http://php-fpm.org">php-fpm</a> - PHP FastCGI Process Manager</p>
451<p>Official documentation:
452- <a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html">Beginner's guide</a>
453- <a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html">ngx_http_fastcgi_module</a>
454- <a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">Pitfalls</a></p>
455<p>Community resources:
456- <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx">Server-side TLS (Nginx)</a> (Mozilla)
457- <a href="http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/">PHP configuration examples</a> (Karl Blessing)</p>
458<h3 id="common-setup">Common setup</h3>
459<p>Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:
460- Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the <em>same user and group</em>
461- both these user and group have
462 - <code>read</code> permissions for Shaarli resources
463 - <code>execute</code> permissions for Shaarli directories <em>AND</em> their parent directories</p>
464<p>On a production server:
465- <code>user:group</code> will likely be <code>http:http</code>, <code>www:www</code> or <code>www-data:www-data</code>
466- files will be located under <code>/var/www</code>, <code>/var/http</code> or <code>/usr/share/nginx</code></p>
467<p>On a development server:
468- files may be located in a user's home directory
469- in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!</p>
470<p>For all following configuration examples, this user/group pair will be used:
471- <code>user:group = john:users</code>,</p>
472<p>which corresponds to the following service configuration:</p>
473<pre><code class="ini">; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf
474user = john
475group = users
476
477[...]
478listen.owner = john
479listen.group = users
480</code></pre>
481
482<pre><code class="nginx"># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
483user john users;
484
485http {
486 [...]
487}
488</code></pre>
489
490<h3 id="optional-increase-the-maximum-file-upload-size">(Optional) Increase the maximum file upload size</h3>
491<p>Some bookmark dumps generated by web browsers can be <em>huge</em> due to the presence of Base64-encoded images and favicons, as well as extra verbosity when nesting links in (sub-)folders.</p>
492<p>To increase upload size, you will need to modify both nginx and PHP configuration:</p>
493<pre><code class="nginx"># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
494
495http {
496 [...]
497
498 client_max_body_size 10m;
499
500 [...]
501}
502</code></pre>
503
504<pre><code class="ini"># /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini
505
506[...]
507post_max_size = 10M
508[...]
509upload_max_filesize = 10M
510</code></pre>
511
512<h3 id="minimal_1">Minimal</h3>
513<p><em>WARNING: Use for development only!</em> </p>
514<pre><code class="nginx">user john users;
515worker_processes 1;
516events {
517 worker_connections 1024;
518}
519
520http {
521 include mime.types;
522 default_type application/octet-stream;
523 keepalive_timeout 20;
524
525 index index.html index.php;
526
527 server {
528 listen 80;
529 server_name localhost;
530 root /home/john/web;
531
532 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
533 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
534
535 location /shaarli/ {
536 try_files $uri /shaarli/index.php$is_args$args;
537 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
538 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
539 }
540
541 location ~ (index)\.php$ {
542 try_files $uri =404;
543 fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
544 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
545 fastcgi_index index.php;
546 include fastcgi.conf;
547 }
548 }
549}
550</code></pre>
551
552<h3 id="modular">Modular</h3>
553<p>The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:
554- every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
555 - dotfiles - in our case, <code>.htaccess</code>
556 - temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: <code>index.php~</code>
557- asset / static resource caching is not optimized
558- if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: <code>location /shaarli/</code>, <code>location /mysite/</code>, etc.</p>
559<p>To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:</p>
560<pre><code class="nginx"># /etc/nginx/deny.conf
561location ~ /\. {
562 # deny access to dotfiles
563 access_log off;
564 log_not_found off;
565 deny all;
566}
567
568location ~ ~$ {
569 # deny access to temp editor files, e.g. &quot;script.php~&quot;
570 access_log off;
571 log_not_found off;
572 deny all;
573}
574</code></pre>
575
576<pre><code class="nginx"># /etc/nginx/php.conf
577location ~ (index)\.php$ {
578 # Slim - split URL path into (script_filename, path_info)
579 try_files $uri =404;
580 fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
581
582 # filter and proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
583 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
584 fastcgi_index index.php;
585 include fastcgi.conf;
586}
587
588location ~ \.php$ {
589 # deny access to all other PHP scripts
590 deny all;
591}
592</code></pre>
593
594<pre><code class="nginx"># /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
595location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
596 expires max;
597 add_header Pragma public;
598 add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate&quot;;
599}
600</code></pre>
601
602<pre><code class="nginx"># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
603[...]
604
605http {
606 [...]
607
608 root /home/john/web;
609 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
610 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
611
612 server {
613 # virtual host for a first domain
614 listen 80;
615 server_name my.first.domain.org;
616
617 location /shaarli/ {
618 # Slim - rewrite URLs
619 try_files $uri /shaarli/index.php$is_args$args;
620
621 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
622 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
623 }
624
625 location = /shaarli/favicon.ico {
626 # serve the Shaarli favicon from its custom location
627 alias /var/www/shaarli/images/favicon.ico;
628 }
629
630 include deny.conf;
631 include static_assets.conf;
632 include php.conf;
633 }
634
635 server {
636 # virtual host for a second domain
637 listen 80;
638 server_name second.domain.com;
639
640 location /minigal/ {
641 access_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
642 error_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
643 }
644
645 include deny.conf;
646 include static_assets.conf;
647 include php.conf;
648 }
649}
650</code></pre>
651
652<h3 id="redirect-http-to-https">Redirect HTTP to HTTPS</h3>
653<p>Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under <code>/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}</code>, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.</p>
654<pre><code class="nginx"># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
655[...]
656
657http {
658 [...]
659
660 index index.html index.php;
661
662 root /home/john/web;
663 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
664 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
665
666 server {
667 listen 80;
668 server_name localhost;
669
670 return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
671 }
672
673 server {
674 listen 443 ssl;
675 server_name localhost;
676
677 ssl_certificate /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
678 ssl_certificate_key /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
679
680 location /shaarli/ {
681 # Slim - rewrite URLs
682 try_files $uri /index.php$is_args$args;
683
684 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
685 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
686 }
687
688 location = /shaarli/favicon.ico {
689 # serve the Shaarli favicon from its custom location
690 alias /var/www/shaarli/images/favicon.ico;
691 }
692
693 include deny.conf;
694 include static_assets.conf;
695 include php.conf;
696 }
697}
698</code></pre>
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