Merge pull request #1168 from virtualtam/docker/compose

Provide a Docker Compose example

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+_Last updated on 2018-07-01._
+
+## Goals
+- Getting a Virtual Private Server (VPS)
+- Running Shaarli:
+    - as a Docker container,
+    - using the Træfik reverse proxy,
+    - securized with TLS certificates from Let's Encrypt.
+
+
+The following components and tools will be used:
+
+- [Debian](https://www.debian.org/), a GNU/Linux distribution widely used in
+  server environments;
+- [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/docker-overview/), an open platform
+  for developing, shipping, and running applications;
+- [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/), a tool for defining and
+  running multi-container Docker applications.
+
+
+More information can be found in the [Resources](#resources) section at the
+bottom of the guide.
+
+## Getting a Virtual Private Server
+For this guide, I went for the smallest VPS available from DigitalOcean,
+a Droplet with 1 CPU, 1 GiB RAM and 25 GiB SSD storage, which costs
+$5/month ($0.007/hour):
+
+- [Droplets Overview](https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/droplets/overview/)
+- [Pricing](https://www.digitalocean.com/pricing/)
+- [How to Create a Droplet from the DigitalOcean Control Panel](https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/droplets/how-to/create/)
+- [How to Add SSH Keys to Droplets](https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/droplets/how-to/add-ssh-keys/)
+- [Initial Server Setup with Debian 8](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/initial-server-setup-with-debian-8) (also applies to Debian 9)
+- [An Introduction to Securing your Linux VPS](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-securing-your-linux-vps)
+
+### Creating a Droplet
+Select `Debian 9` as the Droplet distribution:
+
+<img src="../images/01-create-droplet-distro.jpg"
+     width="500px"
+     alt="Droplet distribution" />
+
+Choose a region that is geographically close to you:
+
+<img src="../images/02-create-droplet-region.jpg"
+     width="500px"
+     alt="Droplet region" />
+
+Choose a Droplet size that corresponds to your usage and budget:
+
+<img src="../images/03-create-droplet-size.jpg"
+     width="500px"
+     alt="Droplet size" />
+
+Finalize the Droplet creation:
+
+<img src="../images/04-finalize.jpg"
+     width="500px"
+     alt="Droplet finalization" />
+
+Droplet information is displayed on the Control Panel:
+
+<img src="../images/05-droplet.jpg"
+     width="500px"
+     alt="Droplet summary" />
+
+Once your VPS has been created, you will receive an e-mail with connection
+instructions.
+
+## Obtaining a domain name
+After creating your VPS, it will be reachable using its IP address; some hosting
+providers also create a DNS record, e.g. `ns4853142.ip-01-47-127.eu`.
+
+A domain name (DNS record) is required to obtain a certificate and setup HTTPS
+(HTTP with TLS encryption).
+
+Domain names can be obtained from registrars through hosting providers such as
+[Gandi](https://www.gandi.net/en/domain).
+
+Once you have your own domain, you need to create a new DNS record that points
+to your VPS' IP address:
+
+<img src="../images/06-domain.jpg"
+     width="650px"
+     alt="Domain configuration" />
+
+## Host setup
+Now's the time to connect to your freshly created VPS!
+
+```shell
+$ ssh root@188.166.85.8
+
+Linux stretch-shaarli-02 4.9.0-6-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.88-1+deb9u1 (2018-05-07) x86_64
+
+The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
+the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
+individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
+
+Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
+permitted by applicable law.
+Last login: Sun Jul  1 11:20:18 2018 from <REDACTED>
+
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$
+```
+
+### Updating the system
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ apt update && apt upgrade -y
+```
+
+### Setting up Docker
+_The following instructions are from the
+[Get Docker CE for Debian](https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/debian/)
+guide._
+
+Install package dependencies:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common
+```
+
+Add Docker's package repository GPG key:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
+```
+
+Add Docker's package repository:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian stretch stable"
+```
+
+Update package lists and install Docker:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ apt update && apt install -y docker-ce
+```
+
+Verify Docker is properly configured by running the `hello-world` image:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ docker run hello-world
+```
+
+### Setting up Docker Compose
+_The following instructions are from the
+[Install Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/)
+guide._
+
+Download the current version from the release page:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
+```
+
+## Running Shaarli
+Shaarli comes with a configuration file for Docker Compose, that will setup:
+
+- a local Docker network
+- a Docker [volume](https://docs.docker.com/storage/volumes/) to store Shaarli data
+- a Docker [volume](https://docs.docker.com/storage/volumes/) to store Træfik TLS configuration and certificates
+- a [Shaarli](https://hub.docker.com/r/shaarli/shaarli/) instance
+- a [Træfik](https://hub.docker.com/_/traefik/) instance
+
+[Træfik](https://docs.traefik.io/) is a modern HTTP reverse proxy, with native
+support for Docker and [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/).
+
+### Compose configuration
+Create a new directory to store the configuration:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~$ mkdir shaarli && cd shaarli
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~/shaarli$
+```
+
+Download the current version of Shaarli's `docker-compose.yml`:
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~/shaarli$ curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shaarli/Shaarli/master/docker-compose.yml -o docker-compose.yml
+```
+
+Create the `.env` file and fill in your VPS and domain information (replace
+`<MY_SHAARLI_DOMAIN>` and `<MY_CONTACT_EMAIL>` with your actual information):
+
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~/shaarli$ vim .env
+```
+
+```shell
+SHAARLI_VIRTUAL_HOST=<MY_SHAARLI_DOMAIN>
+SHAARLI_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=<MY_CONTACT_EMAIL>
+```
+
+### Pull the Docker images
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~/shaarli$ docker-compose pull
+Pulling shaarli ... done
+Pulling traefik ... done
+```
+
+### Run!
+```shell
+root@stretch-shaarli-02:~/shaarli$ docker-compose up -d
+Creating network "shaarli_http-proxy" with the default driver
+Creating volume "shaarli_traefik-acme" with default driver
+Creating volume "shaarli_shaarli-data" with default driver
+Creating shaarli_shaarli_1 ... done
+Creating shaarli_traefik_1 ... done
+```
+
+## Conclusion
+Congratulations! Your Shaarli instance should be up and running, and available
+at `https://<MY_SHAARLI_DOMAIN>`.
+
+<img src="../images/07-installation.jpg"
+     width="500px"
+     alt="Shaarli installation page" />
+
+## Resources
+### Related Shaarli documentation
+- [Docker 101](../docker/docker-101.md)
+- [Shaarli images](../docker/shaarli-images.md)
+
+### Hosting providers
+- [DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/)
+- [Gandi](https://www.gandi.net/en)
+- [OVH](https://www.ovh.co.uk/)
+- [RackSpace](https://www.rackspace.com/)
+- etc.
+
+### Domain Names and Registrars
+- [Introduction to the Domain Name System (DNS)](https://opensource.com/article/17/4/introduction-domain-name-system-dns)
+- [ICANN](https://www.icann.org/)
+- [Domain name registrar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_registrar)
+- [OVH Domain Registration](https://www.ovh.co.uk/domains/)
+- [Gandi Domain Registration](https://www.gandi.net/en/domain)
+
+### HTTPS and Security
+- [Transport Layer Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security)
+- [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/)
+
+### Docker
+- [Docker Overview](https://docs.docker.com/engine/docker-overview/)
+- [Docker Documentation](https://docs.docker.com/)
+- [Get Docker CE for Debian](https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/debian/)
+- [docker logs](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/)
+- [Volumes](https://docs.docker.com/storage/volumes/)
+- [Install Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/)
+- [docker-compose logs](https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/logs/)
+
+### Træfik
+- [Getting Started](https://docs.traefik.io/)
+- [Docker backend](https://docs.traefik.io/configuration/backends/docker/)
+- [Let's Encrypt and Docker](https://docs.traefik.io/user-guide/docker-and-lets-encrypt/)
+- [traefik](https://hub.docker.com/_/traefik/) Docker image