Merge pull request #1389 from shaarli/doc-rework-setup

doc: rework installation/setup guides, general refactoring

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+## Translations
+
+Shaarli supports [gettext](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html) translations
+since `>= v0.9.2`.
+
+Note that only the `default` theme supports translations.
+
+### Contributing
+
+We encourage the community to contribute to Shaarli translations, either by improving existing translations or submitting a new language.
+
+Contributing to the translation does not require software development knowledge.
+
+Please submit a pull request with the `.po` file updated/created. Note that the compiled file (`.mo`) is not stored on the repository, and is generated during the release process.
+
+
+### How to
+
+Install [Poedit](https://poedit.net/) (used to extract strings to translate from the PHP source code, and generate `.po` files).
+
+Due to the usage of a template engine, it's important to generate PHP cache files to extract every translatable string. You can either use [this script](https://gist.github.com/ArthurHoaro/5d0323f758ab2401ef444a53f54e9a07) (recommended) or visit every template page in your browser to generate cache files, while logged in. Here is a list :
+
+```
+http://<replace_domain>/
+http://<replace_domain>/login
+http://<replace_domain>/daily
+http://<replace_domain>/tags/cloud
+http://<replace_domain>/tags/list
+http://<replace_domain>/picture-wall
+http://<replace_domain>/?nonope
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/add-shaare
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/password
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/tags
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/configure
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/tools
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/shaare
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/export
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/import
+http://<replace_domain>/admin/plugins
+```
+
+
+#### Improve existing translations
+
+- In Poedit, click on "Edit a Translation
+- Open `inc/languages/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/shaarli.po` under Shaarli's directory
+- The existing list of translatable strings should load
+- Click on the "Update" button.
+- Start editing translations.
+
+![poedit-screenshot](images/poedit-1.jpg)
+
+Save when you're done, then you can submit a pull request containing the updated `shaarli.po`.
+
+
+#### Add a new language
+
+- In Poedit select "Create New Translation"
+- Open `inc/languages/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/shaarli.po` under Shaarli's directory
+- Select the language you want to create.
+- Click on `File > Save as...`, save your file in `<shaarli directory>/inc/language/<new language>/LC_MESSAGES/shaarli.po` (`<new language>` here should be the language code respecting the [ISO 3166-1 alpha-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2) format in lowercase - e.g. `de` for German)
+- Click on the "Update" button
+- Start editing translations.
+
+Save when you're done, then you can submit a pull request containing the new `shaarli.po`.
+
+
+### Theme translations
+
+[Theme](Theming) translation extensions are loaded automatically if they're present.
+
+As a theme developer, all you have to do is to add the `.po` and `.mo` compiled file like this:
+
+```
+tpl/<theme name>/language/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/<theme name>.po
+tpl/<theme name>/language/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/<theme name>.mo
+```
+
+Where `<lang>` is the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 language code.
+
+Read the following section "Extend Shaarli's translation" to learn how to generate those files.
+
+
+### Extend Shaarli's translation
+
+If you're writing a custom theme, or a non official plugin, you might want to use the translation system,
+but you won't be able to able to override Shaarli's translation.
+
+However, you can add your own translation domain which extends the main translation list.
+
+> Note that you can find a live example of translation extension in the `demo_plugin`.
+
+First, create your translation files tree directory:
+
+```
+<your_module>/languages/<ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 language code>/LC_MESSAGES/
+```
+
+Your `.po` files must be named like your domain. E.g. if your translation domain is `my_theme`, then your file will be
+`my_theme.po`.
+
+Users have to register your extension in their configuration with the parameter
+`translation.extensions.<domain>: <translation files path>`.
+
+Example:
+
+```php
+if (! $conf->exists('translation.extensions.my_theme')) {
+    $conf->set('translation.extensions.my_theme', '<your_module>/languages/');
+    $conf->write(true);
+}
+```
+
+> Note that the page needs to be reloaded after the registration.
+
+It is then recommended to create a custom translation function which will call the `t()` function with your domain.
+For example :
+
+```php
+function my_theme_t($text, $nText = '', $nb = 1)
+{
+    return t($text, $nText, $nb, 'my_theme'); // the last parameter is your translation domain.
+}
+```
+
+All strings which can be translated should be processed through your function:
+
+```php
+my_theme_t('Comment');
+my_theme_t('Comment', 'Comments', 2);
+```
+
+Or in templates:
+
+```php
+{'Comment'|my_theme_t}
+{function="my_theme_t('Comment', 'Comments', 2)"}
+```
+
+> Note than in template, you need to visit your page at least once to generate a cache file.
+
+When you're done, open Poedit and load translation strings from sources:
+
+  1. `File > New`
+  2. Choose your language
+  3. Save your `PO` file in `<your_module>/languages/<language code>/LC_MESSAGES/my_theme.po`.
+  4. Go to `Catalog > Properties...`
+  5. Fill the `Translation Properties` tab
+  6. Add your source path in the `Sources Paths` tab
+  7. In the `Sources Keywords` tab uncheck "Also use default keywords" and add the following lines:
+
+```
+my_theme_t
+my_theme_t:1,2
+```
+
+Click on the "Update" button and you're free to start your translations!