doc/Server-configuration.html

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  76 <h1 id="server-configuration">Server configuration</h1>
  77 <p><em>Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers</em></p>
  78 <ul>
  79 <li><a href="#apache">Apache</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
  80 <li><a href="#lighthttpd">LightHttpd</a> (empty)<a href=".html"></a></li>
  81 <li><a href="#nginx">Nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
  82 </ul>
  83 <h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
  84 <ul>
  85 <li>Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user</li>
  86 <li>the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server <em>user and/or group</em></li>
  87 <li>for HTTPS / SSL:</li>
  88 <li>a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated</li>
  89 <li>the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active</li>
  90 </ul>
  91 <p>Related guides:</p>
  92 <ul>
  93 <li><a href="http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php">How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
  94 <li><a href="https://workaround.org/certificate-authority">How do I create my own Certificate Authority?</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
  95 </ul>
  96 <h2 id="apache">Apache</h2>
  97 <h3 id="minimal">Minimal</h3>
  98 <pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
  99     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 100     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 101 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
 102 <h3 id="debug---log-all-the-things">Debug - Log all the things!</h3>
 103 <p>This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.</p>
 104 <p>See:</p>
 105 <ul>
 106 <li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/176">Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost</a> (StackOverflow)<a href=".html"></a></li>
 107 <li><a href="PHP:%20php_value%20vs%20php_admin_value%20and%20the%20use%20of%20php_flag%20explained">PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 108 </ul>
 109 <pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 110     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 111     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 112
 113     <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 114     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 115     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 116
 117     php_flag  log_errors on
 118     php_flag  display_errors on
 119     php_value error_reporting 2147483647
 120     php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
 121 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
 122 <h3 id="standard---keep-access-and-error-logs">Standard - Keep access and error logs</h3>
 123 <pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 124     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 125     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 126
 127     <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 128     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 129     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 130 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
 131 <h3 id="paranoid---redirect-http-80-to-https-443">Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)</h3>
 132 <p>See <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache">Server-side TLS</a> (Mozilla).<a href=".html"></a></p>
 133 <pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:443</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 134     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 135     DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
 136
 137     <span class="ot">SSLEngine</span><span class="ch">             </span><span class="kw">on</span>
 138     SSLCertificateFile<span class="st">    /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.crt</span>
 139     SSLCertificateKeyFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key</span>
 140
 141     <span class="fu">&lt;Directory</span><span class="ot"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 142         <span class="ot">AllowOverride</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">All</span>
 143         <span class="ot">Options</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">Indexes</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">FollowSymLinks</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">MultiViews</span>
 144         <span class="ot">Order</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">allow,deny</span>
 145         allow<span class="st"> from all</span>
 146     <span class="fu">&lt;/Directory&gt;</span>
 147
 148     <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 149     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 150     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 151 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span>
 152 <span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
 153     ServerName<span class="st">   shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 154     Redirect<span class="st"> 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
 155
 156     <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch">  </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
 157     ErrorLog<span class="st">  /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
 158     CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
 159 <span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
 160 <h2 id="lighthttpd">LightHttpd</h2>
 161 <h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
 162 <h3 id="foreword">Foreword</h3>
 163 <p>Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI">FastCGI</a> service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.<a href=".html"></a></p>
 164 <p>Required packages:</p>
 165 <ul>
 166 <li><a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 167 <li><a href="http://php-fpm.org">php-fpm</a> - PHP FastCGI Process Manager<a href=".html"></a></li>
 168 </ul>
 169 <p>Official documentation:</p>
 170 <ul>
 171 <li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html">Beginner's guide</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 172 <li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html">ngx_http_fastcgi_module</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 173 <li><a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">Pitfalls</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
 174 </ul>
 175 <p>Community resources:</p>
 176 <ul>
 177 <li><a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx">Server-side TLS (Nginx)</a> (Mozilla)<a href=".html"></a></li>
 178 <li><a href="http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/">PHP configuration examples</a> (Karl Blessing)<a href=".html"></a></li>
 179 </ul>
 180 <h3 id="common-setup">Common setup</h3>
 181 <p>Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:</p>
 182 <ul>
 183 <li>Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the <em>same user and group</em></li>
 184 <li>both these user and group have
 185 <ul>
 186 <li><code>read</code> permissions for Shaarli resources</li>
 187 <li><code>execute</code> permissions for Shaarli directories <em>AND</em> their parent directories</li>
 188 </ul></li>
 189 </ul>
 190 <p>On a production server:</p>
 191 <ul>
 192 <li><code>user:group</code> will likely be <code>http:http</code>, <code>www:www</code> or <code>www-data:www-data</code></li>
 193 <li>files will be located under <code>/var/www</code>, <code>/var/http</code> or <code>/usr/share/nginx</code></li>
 194 </ul>
 195 <p>On a development server:</p>
 196 <ul>
 197 <li>files may be located in a user's home directory</li>
 198 <li>in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!</li>
 199 </ul>
 200 <p>For all following examples, a development configuration will be used:</p>
 201 <ul>
 202 <li><code>user:group = john:users</code>,</li>
 203 </ul>
 204 <p>which corresponds to the following service configuration:</p>
 205 <pre class="sourceCode ini"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span class="co">; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf</span>
 206 <span class="dt">user </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
 207 <span class="dt">group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span>
 208
 209 <span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
 210 <span class="dt">listen.owner </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
 211 <span class="dt">listen.group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span></code></pre>
 212 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 213 user john users;
 214
 215 http {
 216     [...][](.html)
 217 }</code></pre>
 218 <h3 id="minimal-1">Minimal</h3>
 219 <p><em>WARNING: Use for development only!</em></p>
 220 <pre class="nginx"><code>user john users;
 221 worker_processes  1;
 222 events {
 223     worker_connections  1024;
 224 }
 225
 226 http {
 227     include            mime.types;
 228     default_type       application/octet-stream;
 229     keepalive_timeout  20;
 230
 231     index index.html index.php;
 232
 233     server {
 234         listen       80;
 235         server_name  localhost;
 236         root         /home/john/web;
 237
 238         access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
 239         error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 240
 241         location /shaarli/ {
 242             access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
 243             error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
 244         }
 245
 246         location ~ (index)\.php$ {
 247             fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
 248             fastcgi_index  index.php;
 249             include        fastcgi.conf;
 250         }
 251     }
 252 }</code></pre>
 253 <h3 id="modular">Modular</h3>
 254 <p>The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:</p>
 255 <ul>
 256 <li>every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
 257 <ul>
 258 <li>dotfiles - in our case, <code>.htaccess</code></li>
 259 <li>temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: <code>index.php~</code></li>
 260 </ul></li>
 261 <li>asset / static resource caching is not optimized</li>
 262 <li>if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: <code>location /shaarli/</code>, <code>location /mysite/</code>, etc.</li>
 263 </ul>
 264 <p>To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:</p>
 265 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/deny.conf
 266 location ~ /\. {
 267     # deny access to dotfiles
 268     access_log off;
 269     log_not_found off;
 270     deny all;
 271 }
 272
 273 location ~ ~$ {
 274     # deny access to temp editor files, e.g. &quot;script.php~&quot;
 275     access_log off;
 276     log_not_found off;
 277     deny all;
 278 }</code></pre>
 279 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/php.conf
 280 location ~ (index)\.php$ {
 281     # proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
 282     fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
 283     fastcgi_index  index.php;
 284     include        fastcgi.conf;
 285 }</code></pre>
 286 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
 287 location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
 288     expires    max;
 289     add_header Pragma public;
 290     add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate&quot;;
 291 }</code></pre>
 292 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 293 [...][](.html)
 294
 295 http {
 296     [...][](.html)
 297
 298     root        /home/john/web;
 299     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
 300     error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 301
 302     server {
 303         # virtual host for a first domain
 304         listen       80;
 305         server_name  my.first.domain.org;
 306
 307         location /shaarli/ {
 308             access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
 309             error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
 310         }
 311
 312         include deny.conf;
 313         include static_assets.conf;
 314         include php.conf;
 315     }
 316
 317     server {
 318         # virtual host for a second domain
 319         listen       80;
 320         server_name  second.domain.com;
 321
 322         location /minigal/ {
 323             access_log  /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
 324             error_log   /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
 325         }
 326
 327         include deny.conf;
 328         include static_assets.conf;
 329         include php.conf;
 330     }
 331 }</code></pre>
 332 <h3 id="redirect-http-to-https">Redirect HTTP to HTTPS</h3>
 333 <p>Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under <code>/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}</code>, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.</p>
 334 <pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 335 [...][](.html)
 336
 337 http {
 338     [...][](.html)
 339
 340     index index.html index.php;
 341
 342     root        /home/john/web;
 343     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;
 344     error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 345
 346     server {
 347         listen       80;
 348         server_name  localhost;
 349
 350         return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
 351     }
 352
 353     server {
 354         listen       443 ssl;
 355         server_name  localhost;
 356
 357         ssl_certificate      /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
 358         ssl_certificate_key  /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
 359
 360         location /shaarli/ {
 361             access_log  /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
 362             error_log   /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
 363         }
 364
 365         include deny.conf;
 366         include static_assets.conf;
 367         include php.conf;
 368     }
 369 }</code></pre>
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