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Commit | Line | Data |
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91a21c27 | 1 | # Server configuration |
992af0b9 | 2 | |
992af0b9 | 3 | |
992af0b9 | 4 | |
91a21c27 | 5 | ## Requirements |
6 | ||
7 | ### Operating system and web server | |
8 | ||
9 | Shaarli can be hosted on dedicated/virtual servers, or shared hosting. The smallest DigitalOcean VPS (Droplet with 1 CPU, 1 GiB RAM and 25 GiB SSD) costs about $5/month and will run any Shaarli installation without problems. | |
10 | ||
11 | You need write access to the Shaarli installation directory - you should have received instructions from your hosting provider on how to connect to the server using SSH (or FTP for shared hosts). | |
12 | ||
13 | Examples in this documentation are given for [Debian](https://www.debian.org/), a GNU/Linux distribution widely used in server environments. Please adapt them to your specific Linux distribution. | |
14 | ||
15 | ### Network and domain name | |
16 | ||
17 | Try to host the server in a region that is geographically close to your users. | |
18 | ||
a32e6665 | 19 | A **domain name** ([DNS record](https://opensource.com/article/17/4/introduction-domain-name-system-dns)) pointing to the server's public IP address is required to obtain a SSL/TLS certificate and setup HTTPS to secure client traffic to your Shaarli instance. |
91a21c27 | 20 | |
6384447d | 21 | You can obtain a domain name from a [registrar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_registrar) ([1](https://www.ovh.co.uk/domains), [2](https://www.gandi.net/en/domain)), or from free subdomain providers ([1](https://freedns.afraid.org/)). If you don't have a domain name, please set up a private domain name ([FQDN](ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name)) in your clients' [hosts files](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)) to access the server (direct access by IP address can result in unexpected behavior). |
91a21c27 | 22 | |
41b93897 | 23 | Setup a **firewall** (using `iptables`, [ufw](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-with-ufw-on-debian-10), [fireHOL](https://firehol.org/) or any frontend of your choice) to deny all incoming traffic except `tcp/80` and `tcp/443`, which are needed to access the web server (and any other posrts you might need, like SSH). If the server is in a private network behind a NAT, ensure these **ports are forwarded** to the server. |
24 | ||
25 | Shaarli makes outbound HTTP/HTTPS connections to websites you bookmark to fetch page information (title, thumbnails), the server must then have access to the Internet as well, and a working DNS resolver. | |
26 | ||
91a21c27 | 27 | |
28 | ### PHP | |
29 | ||
30 | Supported PHP versions: | |
43ad7c8e | 31 | |
bdfb967c | 32 | Version | Status | Shaarli compatibility |
33 | :---:|:---:|:---: | |
30255b79 | 34 | 7.3 | Supported | Yes |
bdfb967c | 35 | 7.2 | Supported | Yes |
36 | 7.1 | Supported | Yes | |
899d0411 | 37 | 7.0 | EOL: 2018-12-03 | Yes (up to Shaarli 0.10.x) |
7062ef4d | 38 | 5.6 | EOL: 2018-12-31 | Yes (up to Shaarli 0.10.x) |
bdfb967c | 39 | 5.5 | EOL: 2016-07-10 | Yes |
40 | 5.4 | EOL: 2015-09-14 | Yes (up to Shaarli 0.8.x) | |
41 | 5.3 | EOL: 2014-08-14 | Yes (up to Shaarli 0.8.x) | |
5409ade2 | 42 | |
91a21c27 | 43 | Required PHP extensions: |
43ad7c8e | 44 | |
bdfb967c | 45 | Extension | Required? | Usage |
46 | ---|:---:|--- | |
dfe14f26 | 47 | [`openssl`](http://php.net/manual/en/book.openssl.php) | requires | OpenSSL, HTTPS |
3575fe5b | 48 | [`php-json`](http://php.net/manual/en/book.json.php) | required | configuration parsing |
dfe14f26 | 49 | [`php-simplexml`](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.simplexml.php) | required | REST API (Slim framework) |
bdfb967c | 50 | [`php-mbstring`](http://php.net/manual/en/book.mbstring.php) | CentOS, Fedora, RHEL, Windows, some hosting providers | multibyte (Unicode) string support |
787faa42 | 51 | [`php-gd`](http://php.net/manual/en/book.image.php) | optional | required to use thumbnails |
bdfb967c | 52 | [`php-intl`](http://php.net/manual/en/book.intl.php) | optional | localized text sorting (e.g. `e->รจ->f`) |
53 | [`php-curl`](http://php.net/manual/en/book.curl.php) | optional | using cURL for fetching webpages and thumbnails in a more robust way | |
54 | [`php-gettext`](http://php.net/manual/en/book.gettext.php) | optional | Use the translation system in gettext mode (faster) | |
992af0b9 | 55 | |
91a21c27 | 56 | Some [plugins](Plugins.md) may require additional configuration. |
57 | ||
58 | ||
59 | ## SSL/TLS (HTTPS) | |
992af0b9 | 60 | |
91a21c27 | 61 | We recommend setting up [HTTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS) on your webserver for secure communication between clients and the server. |
43ad7c8e | 62 | |
38d66e1a | 63 | ### Let's Encrypt |
64 | ||
91a21c27 | 65 | For public-facing web servers this can be done using free SSL/TLS certificates from [Let's Encrypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let's_Encrypt), a non-profit certificate authority provididing free certificates. |
992af0b9 | 66 | |
91a21c27 | 67 | - [How to secure Apache with Let's Encrypt](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-secure-apache-with-let-s-encrypt-on-debian-10) |
68 | - [How to secure Nginx with Let's Encrypt](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-secure-nginx-with-let-s-encrypt-on-debian-10) | |
69 | - [How To Use Certbot Standalone Mode to Retrieve Let's Encrypt SSL Certificates](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-certbot-standalone-mode-to-retrieve-let-s-encrypt-ssl-certificates-on-debian-10). | |
992af0b9 | 70 | |
91a21c27 | 71 | In short: |
992af0b9 | 72 | |
91a21c27 | 73 | ```bash |
74 | # install certbot | |
75 | sudo apt install certbot | |
bdfb967c | 76 | |
91a21c27 | 77 | # stop your webserver if you already have one running |
78 | # certbot in standalone mode needs to bind to port 80 (only needed on initial generation) | |
79 | sudo systemctl stop apache2 | |
80 | sudo systemctl stop nginx | |
bdfb967c | 81 | |
e0fe33f9 | 82 | # generate initial certificates |
83 | # Let's Encrypt ACME servers must be able to access your server! port forwarding and firewall must be properly configured | |
91a21c27 | 84 | sudo certbot certonly --standalone --noninteractive --agree-tos --email "admin@shaarli.mydomain.org" -d shaarli.mydomain.org |
85 | # this will generate a private key and certificate at /etc/letsencrypt/live/shaarli.mydomain.org/{privkey,fullchain}.pem | |
bdfb967c | 86 | |
91a21c27 | 87 | # restart the web server |
88 | sudo systemctl start apache2 | |
89 | sudo systemctl start nginx | |
90 | ``` | |
91 | ||
38d66e1a | 92 | On apache `2.4.43+`, you can also delegate LE certificate management to [mod_md](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_md.html) [[1](https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-secure-apache-with-mod_md-lets-encrypt-on-ubuntu-20-04-lts/)] in which case you don't need certbot and manual SSL configuration in virtualhosts. |
93 | ||
94 | ### Self-signed | |
95 | ||
91a21c27 | 96 | If you don't want to rely on a certificate authority, or the server can only be accessed from your own network, you can also generate self-signed certificates. Not that this will generate security warnings in web browsers/clients trying to access Shaarli: |
97 | ||
98 | - [How To Create a Self-Signed SSL Certificate for Apache](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-for-apache-on-debian-10) | |
99 | - [How To Create a Self-Signed SSL Certificate for Nginx](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-self-signed-ssl-certificate-for-nginx-on-debian-10) | |
bdfb967c | 100 | |
101 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
102 | ||
91a21c27 | 103 | ## Examples |
104 | ||
1aeefe10 | 105 | The following examples assume a Debian-based operating system is installed. On other distributions you may have to adapt details such as package installation procedures, configuration file locations, and webserver username/group (`www-data` or `httpd` are common values). In these examples we assume the document root for your web server/virtualhost is at `/var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/`: |
91a21c27 | 106 | |
107 | ```bash | |
1aeefe10 | 108 | # create the document root |
91a21c27 | 109 | sudo mkdir -p /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/ |
110 | ``` | |
111 | ||
112 | You can install Shaarli at the root of your virtualhost, or in a subdirectory as well. See [Directory structure](Directory-structure) | |
113 | ||
bdfb967c | 114 | |
91a21c27 | 115 | ### Apache |
bdfb967c | 116 | |
91a21c27 | 117 | ```bash |
118 | # Install apache + mod_php and PHP modules | |
119 | sudo apt update | |
120 | sudo apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-php php-json php-mbstring php-gd php-intl php-curl php-gettext | |
121 | ||
122 | # Edit the virtualhost configuration file with your favorite editor | |
123 | sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/shaarli.mydomain.org.conf | |
124 | ``` | |
992af0b9 | 125 | |
992af0b9 | 126 | ```apache |
91a21c27 | 127 | <VirtualHost *:80> |
128 | ServerName shaarli.mydomain.org | |
129 | DocumentRoot /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/ | |
130 | ||
f3ab2616 | 131 | # Redirect HTTP requests to HTTPS, except Let's Encrypt ACME challenge requests |
91a21c27 | 132 | RewriteEngine on |
133 | RewriteRule ^.well-known/acme-challenge/ - [L] | |
91a21c27 | 134 | RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =shaarli.mydomain.org |
135 | RewriteRule ^ https://shaarli.mydomain.org%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent] | |
f3ab2616 | 136 | # If you are using mod_md, use this instead |
137 | #MDCertificateAgreement accepted | |
138 | #MDContactEmail admin@shaarli.mydomain.org | |
139 | #MDPrivateKeys RSA 4096 | |
91a21c27 | 140 | </VirtualHost> |
141 | ||
bdfb967c | 142 | <VirtualHost *:443> |
91a21c27 | 143 | ServerName shaarli.mydomain.org |
144 | DocumentRoot /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/ | |
992af0b9 | 145 | |
f3ab2616 | 146 | # SSL/TLS configuration for Let's Encrypt certificates acquired with certbot standalone |
bdfb967c | 147 | SSLEngine on |
91a21c27 | 148 | SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/shaarli.mydomain.org/fullchain.pem |
149 | SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/shaarli.mydomain.org/privkey.pem | |
c84d1430 | 150 | # Let's Encrypt settings from https://github.com/certbot/certbot/blob/master/certbot-apache/certbot_apache/_internal/tls_configs/current-options-ssl-apache.conf |
151 | SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1 | |
152 | SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 | |
153 | SSLHonorCipherOrder off | |
154 | SSLSessionTickets off | |
155 | SSLOptions +StrictRequire | |
992af0b9 | 156 | |
f3ab2616 | 157 | # SSL/TLS configuration for Let's Encrypt certificates acquired with mod_md |
158 | #MDomain shaarli.mydomain.org | |
159 | ||
91a21c27 | 160 | # SSL/TLS configuration (for self-signed certificates) |
bdfb967c | 161 | #SSLEngine on |
162 | #SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem | |
163 | #SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key | |
992af0b9 | 164 | |
bdfb967c | 165 | # Optional, log PHP errors, useful for debugging |
166 | #php_flag log_errors on | |
167 | #php_flag display_errors on | |
168 | #php_value error_reporting 2147483647 | |
169 | #php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log | |
992af0b9 | 170 | |
91a21c27 | 171 | <Directory /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/> |
172 | # Required for .htaccess support | |
992af0b9 | 173 | AllowOverride All |
ecdae223 | 174 | Require all granted |
bdfb967c | 175 | </Directory> |
992af0b9 | 176 | |
91a21c27 | 177 | <LocationMatch "/\."> |
178 | # Prevent accessing dotfiles | |
179 | RedirectMatch 404 ".*" | |
180 | </LocationMatch> | |
3cc8c898 | 181 | |
91a21c27 | 182 | <LocationMatch "\.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$"> |
183 | # allow client-side caching of static files | |
184 | Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2628000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate" | |
185 | </LocationMatch> | |
3cc8c898 | 186 | |
91a21c27 | 187 | # serve the Shaarli favicon from its custom location |
188 | Alias favicon.ico /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/images/favicon.ico | |
992af0b9 | 189 | |
91a21c27 | 190 | </VirtualHost> |
191 | ``` | |
43ad7c8e | 192 | |
91a21c27 | 193 | ```bash |
194 | # Enable the virtualhost | |
195 | sudo a2ensite shaarli | |
992af0b9 | 196 | |
91a21c27 | 197 | # mod_ssl must be enabled to use TLS/SSL certificates |
198 | # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_ssl.html | |
199 | sudo a2enmod ssl | |
992af0b9 | 200 | |
91a21c27 | 201 | # mod_rewrite must be enabled to use the REST API |
202 | # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html | |
203 | sudo a2enmod rewrite | |
43ad7c8e | 204 | |
91a21c27 | 205 | # mod_version must only be enabled if you use Apache 2.2 or lower |
206 | # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_version.html | |
207 | # sudo a2enmod version | |
992af0b9 | 208 | |
91a21c27 | 209 | # restart the apache service |
210 | systemctl restart apache | |
211 | ``` | |
43ad7c8e | 212 | |
91a21c27 | 213 | See [How to install the Apache web server](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-the-apache-web-server-on-debian-10) for a complete guide. |
992af0b9 | 214 | |
78f319fa | 215 | |
91a21c27 | 216 | ### Nginx |
43ad7c8e | 217 | |
538fb324 | 218 | This examples uses nginx and the [PHP-FPM](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-linux-nginx-mariadb-php-lemp-stack-on-debian-10#step-3-%E2%80%94-installing-php-for-processing) PHP interpreter. Nginx and PHP-FPM must be running using the same user and group, here we assume the user/group to be `www-data:www-data`. |
43ad7c8e | 219 | |
992af0b9 | 220 | |
91a21c27 | 221 | ```bash |
222 | # install nginx and php-fpm | |
223 | sudo apt update | |
224 | sudo apt install nginx php-fpm | |
992af0b9 | 225 | |
91a21c27 | 226 | # Edit the virtualhost configuration file with your favorite editor |
227 | sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/shaarli.mydomain.org | |
992af0b9 V |
228 | ``` |
229 | ||
230 | ```nginx | |
91a21c27 | 231 | server { |
232 | listen 80; | |
233 | server_name shaarli.mydomain.org; | |
992af0b9 | 234 | |
91a21c27 | 235 | # redirect all plain HTTP requests to HTTPS |
236 | return 301 https://shaarli.mydomain.org$request_uri; | |
992af0b9 | 237 | } |
992af0b9 | 238 | |
91a21c27 | 239 | server { |
240 | listen 443 ssl; | |
241 | server_name shaarli.mydomain.org; | |
242 | root /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org; | |
3cc8c898 | 243 | |
91a21c27 | 244 | # log file locations |
245 | # combined log format prepends the virtualhost/domain name to log entries | |
246 | access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined; | |
247 | error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; | |
3cc8c898 | 248 | |
91a21c27 | 249 | # paths to private key and certificates for SSL/TLS |
250 | ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/shaarli.mydomain.org.crt; | |
251 | ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/shaarli.mydomain.org.key; | |
992af0b9 | 252 | |
778add2c | 253 | # Let's Encrypt SSL settings from https://github.com/certbot/certbot/blob/master/certbot-nginx/certbot_nginx/_internal/tls_configs/options-ssl-nginx.conf |
254 | ssl_session_cache shared:le_nginx_SSL:10m; | |
255 | ssl_session_timeout 1440m; | |
256 | ssl_session_tickets off; | |
257 | ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; | |
258 | ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off; | |
259 | ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384"; | |
260 | ||
91a21c27 | 261 | # increase the maximum file upload size if needed: by default nginx limits file upload to 1MB (413 Entity Too Large error) |
262 | client_max_body_size 100m; | |
992af0b9 | 263 | |
91a21c27 | 264 | # relative path to shaarli from the root of the webserver |
265 | location / { | |
266 | # default index file when no file URI is requested | |
267 | index index.php; | |
268 | try_files $uri /index.php$is_args$args; | |
992af0b9 | 269 | } |
992af0b9 | 270 | |
91a21c27 | 271 | location ~ (index)\.php$ { |
272 | try_files $uri =404; | |
273 | # slim API - split URL path into (script_filename, path_info) | |
274 | fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; | |
275 | # pass PHP requests to PHP-FPM | |
276 | fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; | |
277 | fastcgi_index index.php; | |
278 | include fastcgi.conf; | |
279 | } | |
43ad7c8e | 280 | |
91a21c27 | 281 | location ~ \.php$ { |
282 | # deny access to all other PHP scripts | |
283 | # disable this if you host other PHP applications on the same virtualhost | |
284 | deny all; | |
285 | } | |
992af0b9 | 286 | |
91a21c27 | 287 | location ~ /\. { |
288 | # deny access to dotfiles | |
289 | deny all; | |
290 | } | |
992af0b9 | 291 | |
91a21c27 | 292 | location ~ ~$ { |
293 | # deny access to temp editor files, e.g. "script.php~" | |
294 | deny all; | |
295 | } | |
992af0b9 | 296 | |
91a21c27 | 297 | location = /favicon.ico { |
298 | # serve the Shaarli favicon from its custom location | |
299 | alias /var/www/shaarli/images/favicon.ico; | |
300 | } | |
992af0b9 | 301 | |
91a21c27 | 302 | # allow client-side caching of static files |
303 | location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ { | |
304 | expires max; | |
305 | add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; | |
306 | # HTTP 1.0 compatibility | |
307 | add_header Pragma public; | |
308 | } | |
f8b936e7 | 309 | |
f8b936e7 | 310 | } |
992af0b9 V |
311 | ``` |
312 | ||
91a21c27 | 313 | ```bash |
314 | # enable the configuration/virtualhost | |
315 | sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/shaarli.mydomain.org /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/shaarli.mydomain.org | |
316 | # reload nginx configuration | |
317 | sudo systemctl reload nginx | |
992af0b9 V |
318 | ``` |
319 | ||
538fb324 | 320 | See [How to install the Nginx web server](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-nginx-on-debian-10) for a complete guide. |
321 | ||
992af0b9 | 322 | |
91a21c27 | 323 | ## Reverse proxies |
992af0b9 | 324 | |
91a21c27 | 325 | If Shaarli is hosted on a server behind a [reverse proxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy) (i.e. there is a proxy server between clients and the web server hosting Shaarli), configure it accordingly. See [Reverse proxy](Reverse-proxy.md) configuration. |
b230bf20 | 326 | |
992af0b9 | 327 | |
3cc8c898 | 328 | |
91a21c27 | 329 | ## Allow import of large browser bookmarks export |
992af0b9 | 330 | |
91a21c27 | 331 | Web browser bookmark exports can be large due to the presence of base64-encoded images and favicons/long subfolder names. Edit the PHP configuration file. |
992af0b9 | 332 | |
91a21c27 | 333 | - Apache: `/etc/php/<PHP_VERSION>/apache2/php.ini` |
334 | - Nginx + PHP-FPM: `/etc/php/<PHP_VERSION>/fpm/php.ini` (in addition to `client_max_body_size` in the [Nginx configuration](#nginx)) | |
992af0b9 | 335 | |
91a21c27 | 336 | ```ini |
53ed6d7d | 337 | [...] |
91a21c27 | 338 | # (optional) increase the maximum file upload size: |
339 | post_max_size = 100M | |
340 | [...] | |
341 | # (optional) increase the maximum file upload size: | |
342 | upload_max_filesize = 100M | |
343 | ``` | |
992af0b9 | 344 | |
91a21c27 | 345 | To verify PHP settings currently set on the server, create a `phpinfo.php` in your webserver's document root |
992af0b9 | 346 | |
91a21c27 | 347 | ```bash |
348 | # example | |
349 | echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' | sudo tee /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/phpinfo.php | |
350 | #give read-only access to this file to the webserver user | |
351 | sudo chown www-data:root /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/phpinfo.php | |
352 | sudo chmod 0400 /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/phpinfo.php | |
353 | ``` | |
992af0b9 | 354 | |
91a21c27 | 355 | Access the file from a web browser (eg. <https://shaarli.mydomain.org/phpinfo.php> and look at the _Loaded Configuration File_ and _Scan this dir for additional .ini files_ entries |
992af0b9 | 356 | |
91a21c27 | 357 | It is recommended to remove the `phpinfo.php` when no longer needed as it publicly discloses details about your webserver configuration. |
992af0b9 | 358 | |
b230bf20 | 359 | |
91a21c27 | 360 | ## Robots and crawlers |
992af0b9 | 361 | |
91a21c27 | 362 | To opt-out of indexing your Shaarli instance by search engines, create a `robots.txt` file at the root of your virtualhost: |
3cc8c898 | 363 | |
91a21c27 | 364 | ``` |
365 | User-agent: * | |
366 | Disallow: / | |
992af0b9 | 367 | ``` |
bdfb967c | 368 | |
91a21c27 | 369 | By default Shaarli already disallows indexing of your local copy of the documentation by default, using `<meta name="robots">` HTML tags. Your Shaarli instance may still be indexed by various robots on the public Internet, that do not respect this header or the robots standard. |
bdfb967c | 370 | |
91a21c27 | 371 | - [Robots exclusion standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robots_exclusion_standard) |
372 | - [Introduction to robots.txt](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/6062608?hl=en) | |
373 | - [Robots meta tag, data-nosnippet, and X-Robots-Tag specifications](https://developers.google.com/search/reference/robots_meta_tag) | |
374 | - [About robots.txt](http://www.robotstxt.org) | |
375 | - [About the robots META tag](https://www.robotstxt.org/meta.html) | |
bdfb967c | 376 | |
b49a04f7 | 377 | |
91a21c27 | 378 | ## Fail2ban |
bdfb967c | 379 | |
91a21c27 | 380 | [fail2ban](http://www.fail2ban.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page) is an intrusion prevention framework that reads server (Apache, SSH, etc.) and uses `iptables` profiles to block brute-force attempts. You need to create a filter to detect shaarli login failures in logs, and a jail configuation to configure the behavior when failed login attempts are detected: |
6c44d604 | 381 | |
91a21c27 | 382 | ```ini |
383 | # /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/shaarli-auth.conf | |
384 | [INCLUDES] | |
385 | before = common.conf | |
386 | [Definition] | |
387 | failregex = \s-\s<HOST>\s-\sLogin failed for user.*$ | |
388 | ignoreregex = | |
389 | ``` | |
bdfb967c | 390 | |
91a21c27 | 391 | ```ini |
392 | # /etc/fail2ban/jail.local | |
393 | [shaarli-auth] | |
394 | enabled = true | |
395 | port = https,http | |
396 | filter = shaarli-auth | |
397 | logpath = /var/www/shaarli.mydomain.org/data/log.txt | |
398 | # allow 3 login attempts per IP address | |
399 | # (over a period specified by findtime = in /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf) | |
400 | maxretry = 3 | |
401 | # permanently ban the IP address after reaching the limit | |
402 | bantime = -1 | |
403 | ``` | |
bdfb967c | 404 | |
91a21c27 | 405 | #### References |
bdfb967c | 406 | |
91a21c27 | 407 | - [Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost - StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/q/176) |
bdfb967c | 408 | - [Apache - PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained](https://ma.ttias.be/php-php_value-vs-php_admin_value-and-the-use-of-php_flag-explained/) |
91a21c27 | 409 | - [Server-side TLS (Apache) - Mozilla](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache) |
bdfb967c | 410 | - [Nginx Beginner's guide](http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html) |
411 | - [Nginx ngx_http_fastcgi_module](http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html) | |
412 | - [Nginx Pitfalls](http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls) | |
91a21c27 | 413 | - [Nginx PHP configuration examples - Karl Blessing](http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/) |
414 | - [Apache 2.4 documentation](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/) | |
415 | - [Apache mod_proxy](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_proxy.html) | |
416 | - [Apache Reverse Proxy Request Headers](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_proxy.html#x-headers) | |
417 | - [HAProxy documentation](https://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/) | |
418 | - [Nginx documentation](https://nginx.org/en/docs/) | |
419 | - [`X-Forwarded-Proto`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-Proto) | |
420 | - [`X-Forwarded-Host`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-Host) | |
421 | - [`X-Forwarded-For`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For) | |
422 | - [Server-side TLS (Nginx) - Mozilla](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx) | |
bdfb967c | 423 | - [How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL](http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php) |
424 | - [How do I create my own Certificate Authority?](https://workaround.org/certificate-authority) | |
bdfb967c | 425 | - [Travis configuration](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/blob/master/.travis.yml) |
426 | - [PHP: Supported versions](http://php.net/supported-versions.php) | |
91a21c27 | 427 | - [PHP: Unsupported versions (EOL/End-of-life)](http://php.net/eol.php) |
bdfb967c | 428 | - [PHP 7 Changelog](http://php.net/ChangeLog-7.php) |
429 | - [PHP 5 Changelog](http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php) | |
430 | - [PHP: Bugs](https://bugs.php.net/) | |
91a21c27 | 431 | - [Transport Layer Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security) |
432 | - Hosting providers: [DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/) ([1](https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/droplets/overview/), [2](https://www.digitalocean.com/pricing/), [3](https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/droplets/how-to/create/), [How to Add SSH Keys to Droplets](https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/droplets/how-to/add-ssh-keys/), [4](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/initial-server-setup-with-debian-8), [5](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-securing-your-linux-vps)), [Gandi](https://www.gandi.net/en), [OVH](https://www.ovh.co.uk/), [RackSpace](https://www.rackspace.com/), etc. | |
433 | ||
434 |