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78<h1 id="server-configuration">Server configuration</h1>
79<p><em>Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers</em></p>
80<ul>
81<li><a href="#apache">Apache</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
82<li><a href="#lighthttpd">LightHttpd</a> (empty)<a href=".html"></a></li>
83<li><a href="#nginx">Nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
84</ul>
85<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
86<ul>
87<li>Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user</li>
88<li>the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server <em>user and/or group</em></li>
89<li>for HTTPS / SSL:</li>
90<li>a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated</li>
91<li>the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active</li>
92</ul>
93<p>Related guides:</p>
94<ul>
95<li><a href="http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php">How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
96<li><a href="https://workaround.org/certificate-authority">How do I create my own Certificate Authority?</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
97</ul>
98<h2 id="apache">Apache</h2>
99<h3 id="minimal">Minimal</h3>
100<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
101 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
102 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
103<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
104<h3 id="debug---log-all-the-things">Debug - Log all the things!</h3>
105<p>This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.</p>
106<p>See:</p>
107<ul>
108<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/176">Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost</a> (StackOverflow)<a href=".html"></a></li>
109<li><a href="PHP:%20php_value%20vs%20php_admin_value%20and%20the%20use%20of%20php_flag%20explained">PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
110</ul>
111<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
112 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
113 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
114
115 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
116 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
117 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
118
119 php_flag log_errors on
120 php_flag display_errors on
121 php_value error_reporting 2147483647
122 php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
123<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
124<h3 id="standard---keep-access-and-error-logs">Standard - Keep access and error logs</h3>
125<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
126 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
127 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
128
129 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
130 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
131 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
132<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
133<h3 id="paranoid---redirect-http-80-to-https-443">Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)</h3>
134<p>See <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache">Server-side TLS</a> (Mozilla).<a href=".html"></a></p>
135<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:443</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
136 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
137 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
138
139 <span class="ot">SSLEngine</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">on</span>
140 SSLCertificateFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.crt</span>
141 SSLCertificateKeyFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key</span>
142
143 <span class="fu">&lt;Directory</span><span class="ot"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
144 <span class="ot">AllowOverride</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">All</span>
145 <span class="ot">Options</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">Indexes</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">FollowSymLinks</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">MultiViews</span>
146 <span class="ot">Order</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">allow,deny</span>
147 allow<span class="st"> from all</span>
148 <span class="fu">&lt;/Directory&gt;</span>
149
150 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
151 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
152 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
153<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span>
154<span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
155 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
156 Redirect<span class="st"> 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
157
158 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
159 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
160 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
161<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
162<h2 id="lighthttpd">LightHttpd</h2>
163<h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
164<h3 id="foreword">Foreword</h3>
165<p>Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI">FastCGI</a> service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.<a href=".html"></a></p>
166<p>Required packages:</p>
167<ul>
168<li><a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
169<li><a href="http://php-fpm.org">php-fpm</a> - PHP FastCGI Process Manager<a href=".html"></a></li>
170</ul>
171<p>Official documentation:</p>
172<ul>
173<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html">Beginner's guide</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
174<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html">ngx_http_fastcgi_module</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
175<li><a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">Pitfalls</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
176</ul>
177<p>Community resources:</p>
178<ul>
179<li><a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx">Server-side TLS (Nginx)</a> (Mozilla)<a href=".html"></a></li>
180<li><a href="http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/">PHP configuration examples</a> (Karl Blessing)<a href=".html"></a></li>
181</ul>
182<h3 id="common-setup">Common setup</h3>
183<p>Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:</p>
184<ul>
185<li>Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the <em>same user and group</em></li>
186<li>both these user and group have
187<ul>
188<li><code>read</code> permissions for Shaarli resources</li>
189<li><code>execute</code> permissions for Shaarli directories <em>AND</em> their parent directories</li>
190</ul></li>
191</ul>
192<p>On a production server:</p>
193<ul>
194<li><code>user:group</code> will likely be <code>http:http</code>, <code>www:www</code> or <code>www-data:www-data</code></li>
195<li>files will be located under <code>/var/www</code>, <code>/var/http</code> or <code>/usr/share/nginx</code></li>
196</ul>
197<p>On a development server:</p>
198<ul>
199<li>files may be located in a user's home directory</li>
200<li>in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!</li>
201</ul>
202<p>For all following examples, a development configuration will be used:</p>
203<ul>
204<li><code>user:group = john:users</code>,</li>
205</ul>
206<p>which corresponds to the following service configuration:</p>
207<pre class="sourceCode ini"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span class="co">; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf</span>
208<span class="dt">user </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
209<span class="dt">group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span>
210
211<span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
212<span class="dt">listen.owner </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
213<span class="dt">listen.group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span></code></pre>
214<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
215user john users;
216
217http {
218 [...][](.html)
219}</code></pre>
220<h3 id="minimal-1">Minimal</h3>
221<p><em>WARNING: Use for development only!</em></p>
222<pre class="nginx"><code>user john users;
223worker_processes 1;
224events {
225 worker_connections 1024;
226}
227
228http {
229 include mime.types;
230 default_type application/octet-stream;
231 keepalive_timeout 20;
232
233 index index.html index.php;
234
235 server {
236 listen 80;
237 server_name localhost;
238 root /home/john/web;
239
240 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
241 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
242
243 location /shaarli/ {
244 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
245 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
246 }
247
248 location ~ (index)\.php$ {
249 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
250 fastcgi_index index.php;
251 include fastcgi.conf;
252 }
253 }
254}</code></pre>
255<h3 id="modular">Modular</h3>
256<p>The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:</p>
257<ul>
258<li>every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
259<ul>
260<li>dotfiles - in our case, <code>.htaccess</code></li>
261<li>temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: <code>index.php~</code></li>
262</ul></li>
263<li>asset / static resource caching is not optimized</li>
264<li>if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: <code>location /shaarli/</code>, <code>location /mysite/</code>, etc.</li>
265</ul>
266<p>To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:</p>
267<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/deny.conf
268location ~ /\. {
269 # deny access to dotfiles
270 access_log off;
271 log_not_found off;
272 deny all;
273}
274
275location ~ ~$ {
276 # deny access to temp editor files, e.g. &quot;script.php~&quot;
277 access_log off;
278 log_not_found off;
279 deny all;
280}</code></pre>
281<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/php.conf
282location ~ (index)\.php$ {
f8b936e7 283 # filter and proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
992af0b9
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285 fastcgi_index index.php;
286 include fastcgi.conf;
f8b936e7
V		 287}
288
289location ~ \.php$ {
290 # deny access to all other PHP scripts
291 deny all;
992af0b9
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293<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
294location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
295 expires max;
296 add_header Pragma public;
297 add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate&quot;;
298}</code></pre>
299<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
300[...][](.html)
301
302http {
303 [...][](.html)
304
305 root /home/john/web;
306 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
307 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
308
309 server {
310 # virtual host for a first domain
311 listen 80;
312 server_name my.first.domain.org;
313
314 location /shaarli/ {
315 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
316 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
317 }
318
319 include deny.conf;
320 include static_assets.conf;
321 include php.conf;
322 }
323
324 server {
325 # virtual host for a second domain
326 listen 80;
327 server_name second.domain.com;
328
329 location /minigal/ {
330 access_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
331 error_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
332 }
333
334 include deny.conf;
335 include static_assets.conf;
336 include php.conf;
337 }
338}</code></pre>
339<h3 id="redirect-http-to-https">Redirect HTTP to HTTPS</h3>
340<p>Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under <code>/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}</code>, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.</p>
341<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
342[...][](.html)
343
344http {
345 [...][](.html)
346
347 index index.html index.php;
348
349 root /home/john/web;
350 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
351 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
352
353 server {
354 listen 80;
355 server_name localhost;
356
357 return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
358 }
359
360 server {
361 listen 443 ssl;
362 server_name localhost;
363
364 ssl_certificate /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
365 ssl_certificate_key /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
366
367 location /shaarli/ {
368 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
369 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
370 }
371
372 include deny.conf;
373 include static_assets.conf;
374 include php.conf;
375 }
376}</code></pre>
377</body>
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