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77<h1 id="server-configuration">Server configuration</h1>
78<p><em>Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers</em></p>
79<ul>
80<li><a href="#apache">Apache</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
81<li><a href="#lighthttpd">LightHttpd</a> (empty)<a href=".html"></a></li>
82<li><a href="#nginx">Nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
83</ul>
84<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
85<ul>
86<li>Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user</li>
87<li>the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server <em>user and/or group</em></li>
88<li>for HTTPS / SSL:</li>
89<li>a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated</li>
90<li>the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active</li>
91</ul>
92<p>Related guides:</p>
93<ul>
94<li><a href="http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php">How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
95<li><a href="https://workaround.org/certificate-authority">How do I create my own Certificate Authority?</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
96</ul>
97<h2 id="apache">Apache</h2>
98<h3 id="minimal">Minimal</h3>
99<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
100 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
101 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
102<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
103<h3 id="debug---log-all-the-things">Debug - Log all the things!</h3>
104<p>This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.</p>
105<p>See:</p>
106<ul>
107<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/176">Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost</a> (StackOverflow)<a href=".html"></a></li>
108<li><a href="PHP:%20php_value%20vs%20php_admin_value%20and%20the%20use%20of%20php_flag%20explained">PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
109</ul>
110<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
111 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
112 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
113
114 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
115 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
116 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
117
118 php_flag log_errors on
119 php_flag display_errors on
120 php_value error_reporting 2147483647
121 php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
122<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
123<h3 id="standard---keep-access-and-error-logs">Standard - Keep access and error logs</h3>
124<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
125 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
126 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
127
128 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
129 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
130 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
131<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
132<h3 id="paranoid---redirect-http-80-to-https-443">Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)</h3>
133<p>See <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache">Server-side TLS</a> (Mozilla).<a href=".html"></a></p>
134<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:443</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
135 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
136 DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
137
138 <span class="ot">SSLEngine</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">on</span>
139 SSLCertificateFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.crt</span>
140 SSLCertificateKeyFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key</span>
141
142 <span class="fu">&lt;Directory</span><span class="ot"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
143 <span class="ot">AllowOverride</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">All</span>
144 <span class="ot">Options</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">Indexes</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">FollowSymLinks</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">MultiViews</span>
145 <span class="ot">Order</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">allow,deny</span>
146 allow<span class="st"> from all</span>
147 <span class="fu">&lt;/Directory&gt;</span>
148
149 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
150 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
151 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
152<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span>
153<span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
154 ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
155 Redirect<span class="st"> 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
156
157 <span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
158 ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
159 CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
160<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
161<h2 id="lighthttpd">LightHttpd</h2>
162<h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
163<h3 id="foreword">Foreword</h3>
164<p>Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI">FastCGI</a> service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.<a href=".html"></a></p>
165<p>Required packages:</p>
166<ul>
167<li><a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
168<li><a href="http://php-fpm.org">php-fpm</a> - PHP FastCGI Process Manager<a href=".html"></a></li>
169</ul>
170<p>Official documentation:</p>
171<ul>
172<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html">Beginner's guide</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
173<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html">ngx_http_fastcgi_module</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
174<li><a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">Pitfalls</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
175</ul>
176<p>Community resources:</p>
177<ul>
178<li><a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx">Server-side TLS (Nginx)</a> (Mozilla)<a href=".html"></a></li>
179<li><a href="http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/">PHP configuration examples</a> (Karl Blessing)<a href=".html"></a></li>
180</ul>
181<h3 id="common-setup">Common setup</h3>
182<p>Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:</p>
183<ul>
184<li>Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the <em>same user and group</em></li>
185<li>both these user and group have
186<ul>
187<li><code>read</code> permissions for Shaarli resources</li>
188<li><code>execute</code> permissions for Shaarli directories <em>AND</em> their parent directories</li>
189</ul></li>
190</ul>
191<p>On a production server:</p>
192<ul>
193<li><code>user:group</code> will likely be <code>http:http</code>, <code>www:www</code> or <code>www-data:www-data</code></li>
194<li>files will be located under <code>/var/www</code>, <code>/var/http</code> or <code>/usr/share/nginx</code></li>
195</ul>
196<p>On a development server:</p>
197<ul>
198<li>files may be located in a user's home directory</li>
199<li>in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!</li>
200</ul>
201<p>For all following examples, a development configuration will be used:</p>
202<ul>
203<li><code>user:group = john:users</code>,</li>
204</ul>
205<p>which corresponds to the following service configuration:</p>
206<pre class="sourceCode ini"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span class="co">; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf</span>
207<span class="dt">user </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
208<span class="dt">group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span>
209
210<span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
211<span class="dt">listen.owner </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
212<span class="dt">listen.group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span></code></pre>
213<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
214user john users;
215
216http {
217 [...][](.html)
218}</code></pre>
219<h3 id="minimal-1">Minimal</h3>
220<p><em>WARNING: Use for development only!</em></p>
221<pre class="nginx"><code>user john users;
222worker_processes 1;
223events {
224 worker_connections 1024;
225}
226
227http {
228 include mime.types;
229 default_type application/octet-stream;
230 keepalive_timeout 20;
231
232 index index.html index.php;
233
234 server {
235 listen 80;
236 server_name localhost;
237 root /home/john/web;
238
239 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
240 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
241
242 location /shaarli/ {
243 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
244 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
245 }
246
247 location ~ (index)\.php$ {
248 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
249 fastcgi_index index.php;
250 include fastcgi.conf;
251 }
252 }
253}</code></pre>
254<h3 id="modular">Modular</h3>
255<p>The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:</p>
256<ul>
257<li>every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
258<ul>
259<li>dotfiles - in our case, <code>.htaccess</code></li>
260<li>temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: <code>index.php~</code></li>
261</ul></li>
262<li>asset / static resource caching is not optimized</li>
263<li>if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: <code>location /shaarli/</code>, <code>location /mysite/</code>, etc.</li>
264</ul>
265<p>To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:</p>
266<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/deny.conf
267location ~ /\. {
268 # deny access to dotfiles
269 access_log off;
270 log_not_found off;
271 deny all;
272}
273
274location ~ ~$ {
275 # deny access to temp editor files, e.g. &quot;script.php~&quot;
276 access_log off;
277 log_not_found off;
278 deny all;
279}</code></pre>
280<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/php.conf
281location ~ (index)\.php$ {
282 # proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
283 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
284 fastcgi_index index.php;
285 include fastcgi.conf;
286}</code></pre>
287<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
288location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
289 expires max;
290 add_header Pragma public;
291 add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate&quot;;
292}</code></pre>
293<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
294[...][](.html)
295
296http {
297 [...][](.html)
298
299 root /home/john/web;
300 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
301 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
302
303 server {
304 # virtual host for a first domain
305 listen 80;
306 server_name my.first.domain.org;
307
308 location /shaarli/ {
309 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
310 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
311 }
312
313 include deny.conf;
314 include static_assets.conf;
315 include php.conf;
316 }
317
318 server {
319 # virtual host for a second domain
320 listen 80;
321 server_name second.domain.com;
322
323 location /minigal/ {
324 access_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
325 error_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
326 }
327
328 include deny.conf;
329 include static_assets.conf;
330 include php.conf;
331 }
332}</code></pre>
333<h3 id="redirect-http-to-https">Redirect HTTP to HTTPS</h3>
334<p>Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under <code>/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}</code>, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.</p>
335<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
336[...][](.html)
337
338http {
339 [...][](.html)
340
341 index index.html index.php;
342
343 root /home/john/web;
344 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
345 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
346
347 server {
348 listen 80;
349 server_name localhost;
350
351 return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
352 }
353
354 server {
355 listen 443 ssl;
356 server_name localhost;
357
358 ssl_certificate /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
359 ssl_certificate_key /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
360
361 location /shaarli/ {
362 access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
363 error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
364 }
365
366 include deny.conf;
367 include static_assets.conf;
368 include php.conf;
369 }
370}</code></pre>
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